Which programming concept describes keeping details together in one part of a program so that other parts do not need to know about them?

• A. Encapsulation
• B. Abstraction
• C. Inheritance
• D. Polymorphism

Answer: (A)

Encapsulation means bundling data and the methods that operate on that data into a single unit (like a class) and shielding the internal state from outside access. By exposing only a defined interface, other parts of the program don’t need to know how things are implemented, they just use the interface. This keeps related details together in one place and hides the implementation, which reduces dependencies and makes changes safer.

Abstraction focuses on simplifying a system by exposing only essential features, not on bundling data and behavior. Inheritance is about creating new classes from existing ones to reuse code, and polymorphism is about treating different types through a common interface. While related, they don’t inherently achieve the same level of internal-detail confinement as encapsulation, which is why encapsulation is the best fit here.